Although not yet recognized in the DSM-V, Sensory Processing Disorder can be identified and categorized by an occupational therapist with advanced training in sensory processing and integration.
Of primary importance is linking sensory impairments to challenges in functioning at home or school. Identification usually begins with screening, a professional’s search for red flags indicating developmental differences warranting comprehensive assessment.
Screening Process
Screening may occur at school, in a doctor’s office, or at a private practice clinic. Parents are often asked to complete checklists and developmental histories to supplement evaluator observations.
Comprehensive Evaluation
If screening indicates further assessment, evaluation follows. This involves standardized testing, clinical observations, and parent-report measures. In multidisciplinary evaluations, it may also include general health, speech/language, psychological evaluations, and referrals to specialists.
Standardized Assessment Tools
Several assessment tools aid in SPD diagnosis, including:
- Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT)
- Miller Function and Participation Scales (MFUN)
- Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency™—Second Edition
- Movement Assessment Battery for Children – Second Edition (Movement ABC-2)
- Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (MAP)
- Goal Oriented Assessment of Life Skills (GOAL)
Supplementary Tools
Tools like Sensory Profile, Short Sensory Profile, and Sensory Processing Measure screen for sensory and motor development, often completed by parents or teachers. These are not standalone assessments but signal the need for a comprehensive evaluation.
Observations and Interviews
Detailed observations in clinical settings and interviews with parents/teachers complement standardized assessments, providing insights into real-life functioning and sensory modulation challenges.
Advantages of Early Diagnosis
- Immediate Intervention: Early diagnosis leads to early intervention, addressing sensory issues sooner.
- Increased Intervention Success: Younger children benefit more from intervention due to brain plasticity, fostering more effective changes.
- Better School Experiences: Intervention at younger ages equips children with necessary skills for school success, improving their overall experiences.
- Prevention of Secondary Problems: Early intervention prevents the development of social, academic, and self-esteem issues associated with untreated SPD.
- Correct Labeling and Understanding: Early diagnosis provides correct labels for atypical behaviors, minimizing negative labeling and stereotypes.
- Improved Family Life: Diagnosis reduces stress on families, providing explanations for behaviors and avoiding blame or disagreement.
Early diagnosis of SPD is crucial for effective intervention, benefiting both the individual and their family.
